As we get older, our bodies begin to show subtle signs of aging, often in ways we don’t expect—one of those being changes to our nails. One such change that tends to appear after the age of 40 is the development of vertical lines that run from the cuticle to the tip of the nail. These fine lines, medically known as longitudinal striations, become more noticeable with age and are generally considered a normal part of getting older. For most people, these ridges are completely harmless and simply reflect the natural aging process.

However, in some cases, they might indicate more than just age—they can offer insight into your overall health, including hydration levels and nutritional status. The primary reason vertical ridges appear is due to a natural decrease in keratin production. Keratin is a protein that gives nails their strength, structure, and smooth texture. As we age, our bodies produce less keratin, which leads to the uneven, ridged nail surfaces that many people start noticing in their 40s and beyond. Along with reduced keratin comes an increase in dryness. Our nails, like our skin, tend to become drier over time. Everyday activities like washing your hands frequently or using cleaning products can strip nails of moisture, making them brittle and more likely to form vertical ridges. While aging and dryness are common causes, these nail changes can also point to nutrient deficiencies. As we get older, our bodies may not absorb nutrients as efficiently, even if we’re eating well. Deficiencies in key vitamins and minerals often show up in the nails first.

Nutrients that are especially important for nail health include biotin (vitamin B7), which supports keratin production; iron, which is necessary for oxygen transport to the nail bed; magnesium, which helps with healthy cell function; and zinc, which promotes tissue repair and growth. If your body is running low on any of these nutrients, it could result in weak, brittle, or noticeably ridged nails over time. Though vertical ridges are usually nothing to worry about, there are certain warning signs that may signal a more serious health issue. You should consider consulting a healthcare professional if your nails change color—such as turning yellow, blue, or brown—or if they begin to thicken, crumble, or split. Additionally, swelling, redness around the nail, or a sudden change in nail texture might be cause for concern.

In rare situations, these symptoms can be linked to more serious conditions, including thyroid disorders, circulation problems, or autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis. Fortunately, taking care of your nails as you age doesn’t require a complicated regimen. A few simple practices can make a big difference. Drinking plenty of water each day and using a moisturizing hand cream or cuticle oil can help keep your nails hydrated and prevent brittleness.

Eating a balanced diet that includes plenty of protein, healthy fats, and essential vitamins and minerals is also important. When doing household chores or using cleaning products, wear gloves to protect your hands from harsh chemicals and prolonged water exposure. Be gentle with your nails—avoid aggressive filing or buffing, and trim them straight across to reduce the risk of splitting. If you find that your nails remain weak or ridged despite these steps, you might want to talk to your doctor about the possibility of taking a biotin supplement. Additionally, steer clear of acetone-based nail polish removers, which can further dry out your nails and contribute to brittleness. In the end, vertical nail ridges are often just a small sign that your body is going through natural changes with age. While they’re usually not a cause for concern, they can offer subtle clues about your internal health. By being attentive to changes in your nails and practicing a few healthy habits, you can maintain strong, smooth, and attractive nails well into your later years.